Because there is no effective vaccine and no cure for HIV, the only way to protect oneself is prevention.
People should either abstain from having sex or use latex condoms, during oral, anal, or vaginal sex. Only condoms made of latex should be used, and whenever necessary only water-based lubricants should be used. People who are allergic to latex can use polyurethane condoms.
Although some laboratory evidence shows that spermicides can kill HIV, there is no conclusive evidence that it can prevent transmission.
The risk of HIV transmission from a pregnant woman to her baby is significantly reduced if she takes AZT (or combination therapy if clinically indicated) during pregnancy, labour and delivery, and her baby takes it for the first six weeks of life. Nevirapine is also found to be useful. But, all pregnant women should seek expert medical assistance in such situations.
Having a sexually transmitted disease (STD) can increase manifold a person's chances of getting HIV through sexual contact. It is necessary to treat STD as soon as you suspect infection.
There is also minimal risk of transmitting HIV through used hospital equipment used in IVs and blood transfusions. There make sure to specifically ask for new equipment if the doctor prescribes any procedure.
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For additional information on HIV please visit the following sites:
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